One of the most important sectors of each culture is folklore, which consists of different dimensions. The present study, focused on the culture and literature of the Baloch people, aims to recognize in what dimensions the Baloch women have been embodied in the Baloch epics; secondly, what position they have in the society and their family? Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify and interpret the mechanism that in Baloch epics provides for a specific situation and status in relation to the Baloch women. To this aim, the qualitative and documentary methods of analysis were employed; in order to better interpret the obtained data, some feminist theories such as radical feminism, social feminism, and liberal feminism were used critically to find out whether the issues that are extracted from the data could be discussed through these frameworks. The results show that the images obtained imply some dimensions such as: adversative of peace and lasting relations between the powerful chiefs; power and wealth; intelligence; bravery, and militancy; a shelter against danger; and the adversative of the family relations by doing wrong judgments. In general, it was found that women who are mentioned in the Baloch epics have an equal value and status compared with men.

One of the important social features of Iran that has always made Iranians proud during different eras was the immigration of Iranian tribes to other areas of the world. These immigrations were an important factor of developing Iranian culture beyond its borders and introduced glorious elements of Iranian culture and civilization to the other nations of the world and in many cases have had excellent results. Immigration of Iranian Baloch to East Africa and their intimate relationship with the people and tribes of this area is a good example that has had very important results. In this essay, the author has tried to deal with the reasons of such immigrations from Balochistan of Iran to East Africa and how they were settled there, at the same time the main hypothesis of friendly relationship between Iranian Baloch and native people of east Africa and their public acceptance in that area has been studied. The framework of the essay is according to the effective role of the Iranian immigrants on the development of Iranian culture and civilization and its cultural and political outcome resulted from the settlement of Iranian Baloch in East Africa are the independent variables of the research. In this essay, by the use of analysis and descriptive method, it has been tried to study the main effective factors in the process of immigration and settlement of Iranian Baloch in east Africa.

One of the most significant features of Iranian society is immigrating of Iranian tribes to nearby and also to distant lands which, in different historical eras, has proved quite helpful in spreading great cultural achievements to overseas. Immigrating of Baloch people to Zanzibar, a Tanzanian archipelago off the coast of East Africa, and the critical role it plays in establishment of a Baloch community in some parts of countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and democratic Congo, have created friendly relationships among these differing communities without causing any biased discrimination against the Muslim inhabitants of these countries. This has led to remarkable consequences which will be discussed in this article. In fact, the writer will not only discuss about the reasons why such immigration happened and how those Baloch people from Iran (and Oman) have established a community in Zanzibar, but also he will trace the Baloch people’ s general conditions in this island since more than 350 years ago up to the present time. In addition, the article will investigate into their role in distribution of different aspects of Iran’ s civilization and culture in Zanzibar based on current documents.

Unlike many previous studies that have been inspired by some kind of medical and pathological discourse to investigate the consequences of hookah and tobacco use on consumer’ s health, the purpose of the present study is to understand the semantic implications of this phenomenon Among Baloch women residing in Damen village of Iranshahr city. In view of the main issue of the research and the most important goal outlined, in the methodological dimension we have also adopted a qualitative approach appropriate to anthropological work, namely “ ethnography” . Finally, the findings show that the tendency to use hookah among the study population is not merely an individual tendency and it’ s not anti-social and abnormal. Rather, it must be seen along special cultural contexts that have unique semantic implications. This topic is discussed in the following six categories: 1) Hookah using and continuation of traditions; 2) Hookah consumption, affirmation and social identification; 3) Hookah using, redemption of tension and woman’ s agency; 4) Hookah using and leisure; 5) Hookah using and treatment of disease; 6) Hookah using, strengthening and maintaining of group cohesion.

The paper discusses some evidence regarding the Baloch-Portugese confrontation, attested in Balochi epic poetry. Due to the scarcity of reliable historical sources particularly on the encounters of the Portuguese with the Baloch, the information gathered from the epic poetry comes to fill that gap; it provides detailed description of not only the invasion of the Portuguese in Persian Gulf, but also the heroic battles the Baloch fought against the formers. In this particular cycle the famous epic figure of Hammal from the Hut clan appears as a central hero who eventually dies in captivity after numerous successful combats.

The purpose of the present research is exploring qualitatively, national and ethnic identity in the lifeworld of Baloch student at state universities. In this research, grounded theory has been used as one of the qualitative research methods. The research participants were Masters and Ph. D. Baloch students at state universities. Datas are collected through in-depth interviews. Interviews continued to reach theoretical saturation in the various interviewed subjects. Data analysis was performed using open, axial, and selective coding. In the result of data analysis five categories and a core category was achieved. The categories includes: Multilayer and multiple identity resources, identity fluctuation; the movement between national and ethnic identity, the prominence of cultural components and the erosion of the political components of national identity, Representation of Balochi identity in relationship with Otherness and othering; Gajar and construction of identity frontier. The core category is othering of fluid identity. The findings also showed that the context and sources such as religious position, geographical and ethnic location along with conditions such as feeling of political discrimination, ethnic discrimination, media stereotyping, social and political status, and negative stereotypes have multiple links with the research core category.

The relationship between various arts of a country and their influence on each other can be a valuable subject for researchers’ investigations. Produced potteries in the Kalporegan village, located at the Saravan city, and needleworks of different regions of Sistan and Balochestan are decorated today with designs which enjoy a geometric and unique structure by emphasizing the past originality of the art of this land. These designs which are drawn by women in the two mentioned arts are an inseparable part of Baloch art. Accordingly, aiming to study the relationship between pottery designs of Kalporegan and Baloch needlework which enjoy a common cultural context, this article considers the probable points of similarity and difference between the two arts. How to make connection between the designs of Kalporegan potteries and Baloch needlework is the major question of this study. What domains are comprised by such relationship? Using historical as well as descriptive-analytic method, this research investigates comparatively the designs of the two arts of Baloch people. The information collection was done via library method, field observations and interview with senior artists.The results of this investigation show that common aspects between the designs of these arts is due to both arts’ taking inspiration from nature as well as Baloch people’s beliefs and culture. Amongst the point of similarity between the two arts are geometric designs with symbolic and abstract expression derived from nature and Baloch beliefs, simple and combined designs, similar structure in nomenclature and designs’ selection based on Balochestan natural phenomena. Also, the study of Kalporegan pottery designs and Baloch needlework specifies presence of common visual elements such as repetition, rhythm, motion, order and symmetrical combinations that will foreground the relationship between the designs of these two arts in the form of geometric figures and similar structures. Due to diversity and variety of needlework designs, through grouping the designs into simple and combined, the researchers selected the more used designs of needlework at different areas of Sistan and Balochestan and refrained from investigating similar designs.

Introduction: The region of Baluchestan, due to its architectural diversity and handicrafts, shapes a distinct identity for the Baloch people despite regional variations. This study aims to identify the meanings and concepts of the colors and patterns used and to analyze their role as identity symbols of the Baloch people, which helps in better understanding the values and rich culture of this region. Thus, the research questions are, «What is the meaning and concept, origin, and source of inspiration for the colors and patterns in the handicrafts and traditional housing of Baluchestan?» And «How are the patterns and colors used in the handicrafts and housing of this region introduced as identity symbols of the Baloch people?»Research Method: The present research was descriptive-analytical, and data was collected through library resources, databases, and field visits to various types of arts. The statistical population includes local housing and traditional arts of the Baluchestan region, and the selection of samples was purposeful based on the research objectives. The research findings were analyzed qualitatively.Findings: Investigations show that the colorful patterns in Balochi art, especially needlework, are unique cultural symbols of this ethnic group and share common roots with neighboring cultures, particularly India. The colors in Baluchestan's architecture create a vibrant atmosphere, and the geometric patterns reveal the Baloch people's resilience in the face of adversity. Thus, these elements constitute both decorative aspects and the foundation of their cultural and social expression.Conclusion: The Baloch people's interest and commitment to using simple geometric patterns and bright colors in handicrafts and local clothing, as well as in the interior and exterior decorations of their local homes, have created a unified cultural identity and landscape for them despite their diversity. This indicates that the art and architecture of Baluchestan, through the use of these specific patterns and colors, elucidate the cultural identity of the Baloch people.

The objects like 'talismans and amulets' (charms) have always been used by humans from the past to the present to remove misfortunes and distress conditions. The Baloch are among those ethnic groups of Iran that still use these talismans. They used symbolic objects and patterns in their daily work to protect themselves against calamities and stay away from misfortunes in life. Considering that handwoven works are among their most important applied and everyday artworks, and given they use many figures of these charms in these works, to know and think about that people, it is necessary to research on these handwoven, this research aims to answer the inspiration of supernatural beliefs in these handwoven works. Therefore, according to the purpose of the research, which is to review the manifestation and representation of supernatural beliefs in the material culture of Baloch nomads by focusing on handwoven artworks, and by using a descriptive-analytical method, library sources, and field observations to collect data, it has been found that the beliefs of this nations have been manifested in their handwoven in forms of plants, geometric, animals and human motifs in daily applied objects. It has also been observed that the frequency of motifs inspired by applied objects is more than other elements. Moreover, the most frequent object was related to the concept of the evil eye (Nazar). It seems that from the past until the present, removing the evil forces, which are mostly pointed to other eyes is of great importance among these people, compared to other misfortunes.